Oracle Training in Salem

Introduction to Databases and SQL

• Understanding the role of databases in information management
• Introduction to SQL and its importance in data querying
• Overview of popular relational database management systems (RDBMS)

SQL Basics

• SQL syntax and structure
• Data types and operators
• Creating, modifying, and deleting database objects (tables, views, indexes)
• Writing basic SQL statements (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)

Querying Data

• Retrieving data with the SELECT statement
• Filtering data with the WHERE clause
• Sorting data with the ORDER BY clause
• Limiting and paging results with the LIMIT/OFFSET or FETCH/FIRST clauses

Data Filtering and Manipulation

• Using logical operators (AND, OR, NOT)
• Working with wildcards and pattern matching (LIKE)
• Performing calculations with expressions
• Using built-in SQL functions (e.g., string functions, date functions)

 Aggregating Data

• Grouping data with the GROUP BY clause
• Applying aggregate functions (SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX)
• Filtering grouped data with the HAVING clause
• Working with subqueries

 Joining Tables

• Understanding relationships between tables
• Performing INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL JOINs
• Joining multiple tables in a single query
• Handling NULL values in joins

 Modifying Data

• Updating records with the UPDATE statement
• Deleting records with the DELETE statement
• Inserting new data with the INSERT statement
• Transactions and data integrity

 Creating and Managing Database Schema

• Designing a relational database schema
• Enforcing data constraints with keys (PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY)
• Normalization and denormalization concepts

 Views and Indexes

• Creating and managing database views
• Utilizing indexes for performance optimization
• Understanding the benefits of indexing

 Security and Access Control

• User roles and privileges
• Granting and revoking permissions
• SQL injection prevention

Introduction to PL/SQL

• Understanding PL/SQL and its role in Oracle Database
• Advantages and use cases for PL/SQL
• PL/SQL SQL: Key differences and similarities

PL/SQL Language Fundamentals

• PL/SQL block structure
• Variables and data types
• Constants and literals
• Operators and expressions

Control Structures

• Conditional control with IF-THEN-ELSE
• CASE statements
• Looping with WHILE and FOR loops
• EXIT and CONTINUE statements

 Cursors in PL/SQL

• Implicit explicit cursors
• Using cursors for data retrieval
• Cursor attributes (e.g., %NOTFOUND, %FOUND, %ROWCOUNT)
• Cursors FOR loops

 Exception Handling

• Types of exceptions (system-defined and user-defined)
• Handling exceptions with EXCEPTION and WHEN
• Propagating exceptions
• Using PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT

 Procedures and Functions

• Creating and executing procedures
• Parameters (IN, OUT, IN OUT)
• Functions procedures
• Returning values from functions

 Triggers

• What are triggers and their applications
• Trigger types (BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF)
• Trigger events (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)
• OLD and NEW values

 PL/SQL Collections

• PL/SQL tables
• Varrays (variable-size arrays)
• Associative arrays (INDEX BY tables)
• Using collections for data manipulation

 Dynamic SQL

• Building and executing dynamic SQL statements
• Using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
• SQL injection prevention
• DBMS_SQL package

Error Handling and Logging

• Logging errors in PL/SQL
• Handling exceptions gracefully
• Writing to log tables
• Error codes and logging best practices

 PL/SQL Security

• Security considerations and best practices
• Database privileges
• Granting executes privileges on PL/SQL objects
• Limiting SQL injection risks

Introduction to Oracle Performance Tuning

• Understanding the importance of performance tuning
• Performance tuning methodologies and best practices
• Identifying and setting performance goals

 Oracle Database Architecture

• Overview of Oracle database architecture
• Memory structures (SGA, PGA)
• Physical and logical storage structures
• Background processes and their roles

 SQL Performance Tuning

• SQL statement execution life cycle
• Identifying poorly performing SQL
• SQL optimization techniques
• SQL tuning tools (e.g., SQL Developer, SQL*Plus)

 Indexing and Query Optimization

• Understanding indexes and their types
• Creating and maintaining indexes
• Query optimization techniques
• Effective use of the Query Optimizer

 Performance Monitoring and Tools

• Using Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Performance monitoring through Statspack and AWR reports
• Oracle Diagnostic and Tuning Packs
• Real-time performance monitoring tools

 Resource Management

• Managing CPU and memory resources
• Managing I/O and storage resources
• Resource allocation and prioritization
• Database Resource Manager

 Caching and Buffering

• Oracle buffer cache
• Result caching
• In-Memory column store
• Effective use of materialized views

 Real Application Testing

• Database replay
• SQL Performance Analyzer
• Database Workload Capture and Replay

 Tuning for Specific Workloads

• OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) tuning strategies
• Data warehouse performance tuning
• Reporting and batch processing optimization

 Advanced Performance Topics

• Partitioning for performance
• Parallel execution and parallel processing
• In-Memory database options
• Database consolidation and multitenant architecture

 Troubleshooting and Performance Diagnostics

• Identifying and resolving common performance issues
• Performance diagnostic tools and techniques
• Analyzing and interpreting performance metrics

Introduction to Shell Scripting

• Understanding the role of shell scripts in Unix/Linux
• Basics of shell scripting and its applications
• Different Unix/Linux shells (e.g., bash, sh, ksh)

 Shell Basics

• Shell environment and command-line interface
• Command-line syntax and structure
• Command-line shortcuts and navigation
• Shell prompts and customizations

 Variables and Data Types

• Declaring and using variables
• Environment variables and special variables
• Data types (strings, numbers, arrays)
• Variable substitution and expansion

 Input and Output

• Accepting user input with read
• Output to the screen (echo, printf)
• Redirecting input and output (stdin, stdout, stderr)
• Piping and command substitution

 Control Structures

• Conditional statements (if, case)
• Looping (for, while, until)
• Breaking and continuing loops
• Using exit status and conditions

 Functions and Scripts

• Writing and calling functions
• Passing arguments to functions
• Using return values
• Script organization and execution

 File and Directory Operations

• File I/O (reading, writing, appending)
• File permissions and ownership
• File tests and conditionals
• Directory navigation and manipulation

 Text Processing

• Working with text files
• Using grep, sed, and awk
• Regular expressions
• Text manipulation and transformation

 Process Management

• Listing and controlling processes
• Signals and signal handling
• Background and foreground processes
• Job control and process monitoring

Error Handling and Logging

• Detecting and handling errors
• Logging and debugging techniques